In Gram-negative bacteria, outer membrane transporters import nutrients by coupling to an
inner membrane protein complex called the Ton complex. The Ton complex consists of …

Active nutrient uptake is fundamental for survival and pathogenicity of Gram-negative
bacteria, which operate a multi-protein Ton system to transport essential nutrients like metals …

Gram-negative bacteria import essential nutrients such as iron and vitamin B12 through
outer membrane receptors. This process utilizes proton motive force harvested by the Ton …

Escherichia coli TonB protein is an energy transducer, coupling cytoplasmic membrane
energy to active transport of vitamin B12 and iron-siderophores across the outer membrane …

TonB protein couples cytoplasmic membrane electrochemical potential to active transport of
iron-siderophore complexes and vitamin B12 through high-affinity outer membrane …

TonB couples the cytoplasmic membrane protonmotive force (pmf) to active transport across
the outer membrane, potentially through a series of conformational changes. Previous …

Abstract The TonB–ExbB–ExbD molecular motor harnesses the proton motive force across
the bacterial inner membrane to couple energy to transporters at the outer membrane …

The Ton complex is a molecular motor that uses the proton gradient at the inner membrane
of Gram-negative bacteria to apply forces on outer membrane proteins, allowing active …

Bacteria are able to survive in low-iron environments by sequestering this metal ion from
iron-containing proteins and other biomolecules such as transferrin, lactoferrin, heme …

The energy source for active transport of iron–siderophore complexes and vitamin B12
across the outer membrane in Gram‐negative bacteria is the cytoplasmic membrane proton …