Since a combination of flt3 ligand plasmid (pFL) and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) 3
as a dendritic cell (DC)-targeting double mucosal adjuvant elicited ovalbumin-specific …

Our previous study showed that a combination of a plasmid-expressing Flt3 ligand (pFL) and
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) as a combined nasal adjuvant elicited mucosal …

Immune responses and protection against influenza virus infection were compared between
young (2 months) and aged (18 months) BALB/c, C3H and C57BL/6 (B6) mice after …

Background: Vaccination is commonly used to prevent and control influenza infection in
humans. However, improvements in the ease of delivery and strength of immunogenicity …

Influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae are two major pathogens that lead to
significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Since both pathogens enter the host via the …

Immunization is the best way to prevent seasonal epidemics and pandemics of influenza.
There are two kinds of influenza vaccines available in the United States: an inactivated …

Aging is associated with diminished immune system function, which renders old people
vulnerable to influenza infection and also less responsive to influenza vaccination. This …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) causes a major upper respiratory tract
infection often leading to severe illness and death in the elderly. Thus, it is important to …

There is intense interest in the design and use of vaccine strategies against influenza to
enhance protective immune responses in the elderly. To address the need for improved …

Elderly people are at high risk for influenza-related morbidity and mortality due to
progressive immunosenescence. While toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist containing adjuvants …