Neuroinflammation and microglial dysfunction are key contributors to the development of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins primarily …

Microglial activation represents an important pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease
(AD), and emerging data highlight the involvement of microglial toll-like receptors (TLRs) in …

Toll‐like receptors mediate important cellular immune responses upon activation via various
pathogenic stimuli such as bacterial or viral components. The activation and subsequent …

The effects of Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation in peripheral cells are well characterized
but, although several TLRs are expressed on cells of the brain, the consequences of their …

The activation of innate immune response is initiated by engagement of pattern-recognition
receptors (PPRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These receptors are expressed in …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are known to be expressed by innate immune response cells and
to play a critical role in their activation against foreign pathogens. It was recently suggested …

Background Aβ deposits in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are closely
associated with innate immune responses such as activated microglia and increased …

The key roles of toll-like receptors (TLRs) as mediators of the detection and responses of
immune cells to invading pathogens are well known. There are at least 13 mammalian TLRs …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) or pattern recognition receptors respond to pathogen‐associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) or internal damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) …

BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 are involved in the microglia-
mediated inflammatory response, Aβ plaque formation and Aβ clearance in Alzheimer's …