From cooking a meal to finding a route to a destination, many real life decisions can be
decomposed into a hierarchy of sub-decisions. In a hierarchy, choosing which decision to …

To make good decisions in the real world, people need efficient planning strategies because
their computational resources are limited. Knowing which planning strategies would work …

Theories of decision making are implemented in models that predict and explain behavior in
terms of latent cognitive processes. But where do these models come from, and how are …

Decisions result from an interaction between multiple functional systems acting in parallel to
process information in very different ways, each with strengths and weaknesses. In this …

The aim of statistical decision theories is to understand how evidence, prior knowledge, and
values lead an organism to commit to one of a number of alternatives. Two main statistical …

Modeling the mechanisms that determine how humans and other agents choose among
different behavioral and cognitive processes—be they strategies, routines, actions, or …

Efficient cognitive decisions should be adjustable to incoming novel information. However,
most current models of decision making have so far neglected any potential interaction …

Making decisions can be hard, but it can also be facilitated. Simple heuristics are fast and
frugal but nevertheless fairly accurate decision rules that people can use to compensate for …

The purpose of this chapter is to take stock of what studies of natu ralistic decision making
have accomplished, and what remains to be done. We want to review the major …

Recent work has given rise to the view that reward-based decision making is governed by
two key controllers: a habit system, which stores stimulus–response associations shaped by …