Background Prenatal alcohol exposure has been found to be associated with adverse
physical and mental health outcomes in postnatal life, but the evidence is equivocal as to …

This study examined associations between patterns of alcohol use initiation and progression
from age 12 to 14 years and recent cigarette and marijuana use, and violent and delinquent …

Introduction Alcohol intent (the susceptibility to initiating alcohol use) and alcohol sips (the
initiation of alcohol) in youth are a multifactorial puzzle with many components. This …

Background Early alcohol initiation is common and has been associated with the
development of alcohol problems. Yet, past research on the association of age of initiation …

Background Early onset of alcohol use has been linked to later alcohol problems in
adulthood. Currently, it is not clear whether early onset of marijuana and tobacco use …

Aim We systematically reviewed the literature on the influence of low and moderate amounts
of prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure on early child development. This paper also …

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal smoking
during pregnancy (MSP) and lifetime risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to explore …

Background Previous youth tobacco research has identified multiple correlated risk factors
for initiation of cigarette and e-cigarette use; whether these factors are independently …

Alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy have both been associated with a number of
adverse effects on the growth, cognitive development, and behavior of the exposed child …

Objective Early onset of alcohol use is associated with an increased risk of substance use
disorders (SUD), but few studies have examined associations with other psychiatric …