Simple Summary Tumors are not masses of cancer cells alone but made up of cancer cells,
other cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells, as well as secreted factors …

Cancers represent complex ecosystems comprising tumor cells and a multitude of non-
cancerous cells, embedded in an altered extracellular matrix. The tumor microenvironment …

Purpose The role of the microenvironment during the initiation and progression of
carcinogenesis is now realized to be of critical importance, both for enhanced understanding …

In normal tissues and organs, the activities of the constituent cells are strictly restricted to the
tasks assigned to them during development. In addition they (with the exception of …

Simple Summary Metastasis, the process by which cancer cells escape primary tumor site
and colonize distant organs, is responsible for most cancer-related deaths. The tumor …

The presence of abnormal cells with malignant potential or neoplastic characteristics is a
relatively common phenomenon. The interaction of these abnormal cells with their …

Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process involving different cellular and non-
cellular elements composed of tumor microenvironment (TME). The interaction of TME with …

A tumor is not simply a group of cancer cells, but rather a heterogeneous collection of
infiltrating and resident host cells, secreted factors and extracellular matrix. Tumor cells …

Recent advances in tumor biology have revealed that a detailed analysis of the complex
interactions of tumor cells with their adjacent microenvironment (tumor stroma) is mandatory …

Primary human tumours can often be eradicated by surgery if detected early; however
metastatic disease renders complete cure less likely and the development of resistance to …