Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to
complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are …

The plants defend themselves against insect herbivores through utilizing the combination of
direct defense traits and indirect defense approaches. Direct defense is involved both …

Plants being the producers of food have been constantly under attack by insects. During
evolution, plants have not just developed different mechanisms to defend themselves but …

Plants have various self-defense mechanisms against biotic attacks, involving both physical
and chemical barriers. Physical barriers include spines, trichomes, and cuticle layers …

Herbivorous insects use diverse feeding strategies to obtain nutrients from their host plants.
Rather than acting as passive victims in these interactions, plants respond to herbivory with …

There is always a silent war between plants and herbivorous insects that we are rarely privy
to. In this silent war, chemicals act as both weapons and messengers. Insect–plant co …

The prediction of human population growth worldwide indicates there will be a need to
substantially increase food production in order to meet the demand on food supply. This can …

Acute and precise signal perception and transduction are essential for plant defense against
insects. Insect elicitors—that is, the biologically active molecules from insects' oral secretion …

Plants respond to herbivory through various morphological, biochemicals, and molecular
mechanisms to counter/offset the effects of herbivore attack. The biochemical mechanisms of …

Long before the appearance of flowering plants, early plants were infected by pathogenic
microorganisms and challenged by herbivorous animals. Consequently, plants and animals …