Large individual differences in the clinical response to morphine therapy have been known
for a long time by clinicians. The recent advances in genomic research encourage the …

Polymorphisms in the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) are primary candidate sources of
clinical variability in opioid therapy. Apart from the 118A> G single nucleotide polymorphism …

Objective Our objective was to quantify the extent and time course of the effects of morphine‐
6‐glucuronide and morphine on pain threshold, pain tolerance, pupil diameter, and side …

Background Some, but not all, patients with renal dysfunction suffer from side effects after
morphine administration because of accumulation of the active metabolite morphine-6 …

The most prevalent single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A118G in the human µ‐opioid
receptor gene predicts an amino acid change from an asparagine residue to an aspartatic …

The most common single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region of the human mu
opioid receptor gene is the A118G variant, an adenine to guanine transition at nucleotide …

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine are under the control of several
polymorphic genes, which can account for part of the observed interindividual variation in …

IMPLICATIONS: We explored whether the presence of the A118G single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) of the human mu opioid receptor (MOR) gene could explain inter …

The individual variability of opioid pharmacology suggests that the patients' genetic
disposition influences the response to opioids. Given the complexity of morphine …

The peer-reviewed literature yields a plethora of examples of variability in patient's
responses to medications. The rapidly progressing field of pharmacogenetics offers insight …