It has been more than 200 years since James Parkinson made the first descriptions of the
disease that bears his name. Since then, knowledge about Parkinson's disease has been …

Objectives Though there is increasing evidence for primary cardiac disease in Parkinson's
disease (PD) and Parkinsonism (PS), this evidence is hardly included in the general …

Background The known impairments of the cardiovascular system in Parkinson´ s disease
(PD) are caused by autonomic dysfunction and manifested mainly in postural hypotension …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative illnesses, and is a
major healthcare burden with prodigious consequences on life‑quality, morbidity, and …

Dysautonomia is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). Most
dysautonomic symptoms appear due to alterations in the peripheral nerves of the autonomic …

Objective. Non-motor symptoms including those reflecting autonomic cardiovascular
dysregulation are often present in Parkinson disease. It is unclear whether it is possible to …

Growing recognition of the non-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) has led to
increased awareness of autonomic dysfunction as part of the disease process, not only in …

Cardiovascular dysfunction may occur in parkinsonian patients for a variety of reasons.
Patients usually are more than 50 years old and on various drugs (both antiparkinsonian …

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremor
and bradykinesia and is a common neurologic ailment. Male sex and advancing age are …

Symptoms of cardiovascular dysautonomia are a common occurrence in Parkinson's
disease (PD). In addition to this dysautonomia as part of PD itself, dysfunction of the …