Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function. The gradual decline in
kidney function leads to an accumulation of toxins normally cleared by the kidneys, resulting …

Background: Retention of uremic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
negatively affects multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular system, resulting in …

The uremic syndrome is attributed to the progressive retention of a large number of
compounds which, under normal conditions, are excreted by healthy kidneys. The …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular
diseases. Although great advances have recently been made in the pathophysiology and …

The kidneys and heart share functions with the common goal of maintaining homeostasis.
When kidney injury occurs, many compounds, the so-called “uremic retention solutes” or …

New insights in uremic toxins. The retention in the body of compounds, which normally are
secreted into the urine results in a clinical picture, called the uremic syndrome. The retention …

In the last decade, uremic toxicity as a potential cause for the excess of cardiovascular
disease and mortality observed in chronic kidney disease gained more and more interest …

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the worldwide population is currently
estimated between 11% and 13%. Adequate renal clearance is compromised in these …

Toxic substances, known as uremic toxins, accumulate in body fluids during the course of
progressive, chronic kidney disease. This article will briefly summarize current views on the …

Cardiorenal syndrome is a condition in which a complex interrelationship between cardiac
dysfunction and renal dysfunction exists. Despite advances in treatment of both …