Several studies have shown that epitope vaccines exhibit substantial advantages over
conventional vaccines. However, epitope vaccines are associated with limited immunity …

Vaccination is a cost-effective approach to prevent, treat, and eradicate infectious diseases
and cancer. Classical whole-organism vaccines may have several pitfalls such as the …

Vaccination has contributed significantly to improving public health by reducing the mortality
caused by a number of infectious diseases. Thanks to extensive childhood vaccination …

The objective of this book is to compile the concepts essential for the understanding of the
pharmaceutical science and technology associated with the delivery of subunit vaccines …

Traditional vaccines derived from attenuated or inactivated pathogens are effective at
inducing antibody-based protective immune responses but tend to be highly reactogenic …

Classically all vaccines were produced using live or attenuated microorganisms or parts of
them. However, the use of whole organisms, their components or the biological process for …

The tremendous advances in genomics, recombinant DNA technology, bioengineering and
nanotechnology, in conjunction with the development of high-end computations, have been …

Introduction: Adjuvants form an integral component in most of the inactivated and subunit
vaccine formulations. Careful and proper selection of adjuvants helps in promoting …

New generation vaccines, particularly those based on recombinant proteins and DNA, are
likely to be less reactogenic than traditional vaccines, but are also less immunogenic …

Traditional and first generation vaccines are composed of live or fixed whole pathogens,
while second generation vaccines include, among others, the native protein antigens …