Background A barrier to HIV-1 cure rests in the persistence of proviral DNA in infected CD4+
leukocytes. The high HIV-1 mutation rate leads to viral diversity, immune evasion, and …

Highlights•HIV provirus in infected cells can be inactivated with CRISPR–
Cas9.•Combinatorial CRISPR–Cas9 attack can prevent viral escape.•Both mutation and …

The major barrier to eradication of HIV infection is the latent viral reservoir that persists
despite long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The main reason for the …

The CRISPR/Cas9 system provides a novel and promising tool for editing the HIV-1 proviral
genome. We designed RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas9 targeting the HIV-1 regulatory genes tat …

The development of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been effective in suppressing HIV
replication. However, severe drug toxicities due to the therapy and its failure in targeting the …

Even though highly active anti-retroviral therapy is able to keep HIV-1 replication under
control, the virus can lie in a dormant state within the host genome, known as a latent …

Current drug therapies effectively suppress HIV-1 replication but do not inactivate the
provirus that persists in latent reservoirs. Recent studies have found that the guide RNA …

The CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing approach has been widely used in anti-HIV-1 gene therapy
research. However, the major challenges facing the therapeutic application of CRISPR/Cas9 …

The major barrier to HIV-1 cure is the persistence of latent provirus, which is not eradicated
by antiretroviral therapy. The “shock and kill” approach entails stimulating viral production …

Several recent studies demonstrated that the clustered regularly interspaced short
palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated endonuclease Cas9 can be used for guide RNA …