The expression of classic neurohormones, such as angiotensin II and noradrenaline, plays
an important role in disease progression in chronic heart failure (HF). This so-called …

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by exercise
intolerance, fatigability, dyspnea, and volume retention occurring as a consequence of …

Persistent inflammation, involving increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, seems to play
a pathogenic role in chronic heart failure (HF) by influencing heart contractility, inducing …

One of the major conceptual advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of heart
failure has been the insight that it may progress as the result of the sustained …

It has long been observed that heart failure (HF) is associated with measures of systemic
inflammation. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in our …

Inflammation is a response to tissue damage. As virtually all compensatory responses, it
becomes maladaptive when sustained over time, and may become itself a determinant of …

The pathogenesis of left ventricular (LV) failure and cardiomyopathy, especially in the
absence of ischaemic injury, remains incompletely understood. Among the key pathways …

Evidence from both experimental and clinical trials indicates that inflammatory mediators are
of importance in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (HF) contributing to cardiac …

Chronic heart failure (CHF) represents a major public health burden, and its prognosis is
comparable to that of different malignant diseases. Our understanding of CHF has …

Heart failure is a growing global epidemic that involves in its pathophysiology a
proinflammatory state. Since the first description of elevated cytokine levels in this setting …