Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a crucial role in the recognition of pathogens and initiation of
immune responses,–. Here we show that a previously uncharacterized protein encoded by …

Summary Endolysosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in immune responses
to pathogens, while aberrant activation of these pathways is associated with autoimmune …

A function-impairing mutation (feeble) or genomic deletion of SLC15A4 abolishes responses
of nucleic acid–sensing endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) and significantly reduces …

Signalling by means of toll-like receptors (TLRs) is essential for the development of innate
and adaptive immune responses,,. UNC93B1, essential for signalling of TLR3, TLR7 and …

Abstract Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 7, 8 and 9 initiate immune responses to
infection by recognizing microbial nucleic acids,; however, these responses come at the cost …

At least two members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, TLR7 and TLR9, can recognize
self-RNA and self-DNA, respectively. Despite the structural and functional similarities …

Although circumstantial evidence supports enhanced Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signalling
as a mechanism of human systemic autoimmune disease,,,,,–, evidence of lupus-causing …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activate the innate immune system in response to pathogens.
Here we show that TLR9 proteolytic cleavage is a prerequisite for TLR9 signaling. Inhibition …

The unique cell biology of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) allows it to initiate two signal-
transduction cascades: a signal dependent on the adaptors TIRAP (Mal) and MyD88 that …

Endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 9 recognize viral pathogens and induce signals
leading to the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)–dependent proinflammatory cytokines …