The establishment of pregnancy following insemination is the primary definition of fertility in
most dairy systems. Highly fertile cows establish pregnancy sooner after calving and require …

Achieving pregnancy in high-producing dairy cows in a timely and cost-effective manner is
one of today's greatest management challenges. Fertility is highly influenced by …

The advent of AI has markedly improved the production potential of dairy cows in all systems
of production and transformed the dairy industry in many countries. Unfortunately, for many …

In dairy production, high fertility contributes to herd profitability by achieving greater
production and maintaining short calving intervals. Improved management practices and …

Prospects for improving female fertility in dairy cattle using genetic selection are reviewed.
Today's high producing cows have shorter estrous cycles, fewer standing events, shorter …

Overall pregnancy risk of lactating dairy cows in North America has decreased since the
1950s, 1 whereas annual milk yield per cow has increased nearly 4-fold from 5313 to …

Observing cows in estrus and inseminating them at the optimum time are necessary steps
for effective reproductive management of a dairy herd. However, larger herd sizes can lead …

Fertility is an important component of herd production efficiency, as each additional oestrous
cycle that does not result in a planned pregnancy adds to the cost of dairy farming. In …

The purpose of this overview is to review some of the major advances in reproductive
technologies, and how they may be applied to meet the challenge of enhancing …

Simple Summary Reproductive efficiency is critical for profitability of dairy operations. The
first part of this manuscript discusses the key physiology of dairy cows and how to practically …