Trained immunity refers to a hyperresponsive functional state of the innate immune system,
which is induced by certain stimuli, such as infections or vaccination. Trained immunity plays …

The failure of immune responses to vaccines and dysfunctional immune responses to viral
infection, tumor development, or neoantigens lead to chronic viral infection, tumor …

Vaccination using nanocarrier-based delivery systems has recently emerged as a promising
approach for meeting the continued challenge posed by infectious diseases and cancer. A …

Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of a
variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, and …

The immune system is an incredibly complex biological network that plays a significant role
in almost all disease pathogenesis. With an increased understanding of how this vital …

Despite the great success of vaccines over two centuries, the conventional strategy is based
on attenuated/altered microorganisms. However, this is not effective for all microbes and …

Nowadays, nanotechnology-based modulation of the immune system is presented as a
cutting-edge strategy, which may lead to significant improvements in the treatment of severe …

Since the commercialization of the first liposomes used for drug delivery, Doxil/Caelyx® and
Myocet®, tremendous progress has been made in understanding interactions between …

Research efforts on nanomaterial-based therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases
and cancer have spiked and have made rapid progress over the past years. Nanomedicine …

Although vaccination is historically one of the most successful strategies for the prevention of
infectious diseases, development of vaccines for cancer and many chronic infections, such …