In osteosarcoma, immunotherapy often faces hurdles posed by cancer‐associated
fibroblasts (CAFs) that secrete dense extracellular matrix components and cytokines …

Immunotherapy is regarded as a potential strategy to combat cancer, especially when
immunotherapy is combined with appropriate chemotherapy. However, the …

Immunotherapy in solid tumors is limited by the poor immunogenicity of tumors and limited T-
cell immune response, resulting in low patient response rate. To increase the efficiency of …

The cure rate for metastatic or relapsed osteosarcoma has not substantially improved over
the past decades despite the exploitation of multimodal treatment approaches, allowing long …

To date, anticancer therapies with evidenced efficacy in preclinical models fail during clinical
trials. The shortage of robust drug screening platforms that accurately predict patient's …

Low delivery efficiency of chemotherapy drugs, poor immunogenicity and suppressive
immune microenvironment of tumors seriously affect the prognosis of osteosarcoma (OS) …

Drug resistance represents one of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment. Cancer stem
cells (CSCs) are thought to be the major cause of failure in cancer therapy due to their …

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignancy in the bone. Current chemotherapy offers
limited efficacy with significant side effects, especially for advanced and relapsed …

Tumor surgery can create an inflammatory trauma to aggravate residual tumor “seed” to
colonize pre-metastatic niches (PMNs)“soil” at secondary sites, thereby promoting post …

Autologous tumor cell vaccine is an individualized tumor treatment strategy to elicit tumor‐
specific immune responses. However, it is difficult to exert efficacy in “cold” tumors, which …