Autophagy is known as a conserved self-eating mechanism that contributes to cells to
degrade different intracellular components (ie, macromolecular complexes, aggregated …

Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles (EVs) predominantly present in bodily fluids,
participate in various physiological processes. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation …

A growing body of evidence indicates that exosomes play a critical role in the cell–cell
communication process. Exosomes are biological nanoparticles with an average diameter of …

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process and fundamental biological process in
eukaryotic cells. It recycles intracellular components to provide nutrients during starvation …

Exosomes belong to extracellular vehicles that were produced and secreted from most
eukaryotic cells and are involved in cell‐to‐cell communications. They are an effective …

Exosomes are biological nanocarriers which could be involved in a variety of basic
physiological events. They exert their effects via targeting their cargos (ie, DNAs, messenger …

Abstract Exosomes are 40–100 nm nano-sized vesicles that are released from many cell
types into the extracellular space. Such vesicles are widely distributed in various body fluids …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a member of the family of non-coding RNA molecules, and consist
of small conserved sequences between 19–25 nucleotides in length that are responsible for …

Exosomes are a new means of intercellular information exchange that have aroused great
research interest. Long neglected in research, exosomes were deemed nonfunctional …

Autophagy, an evolutional conserved lysosomal degradation process, has been implicated
to play an important role in cellular defense against a variety of microbial infection …