Almost 70 years ago, Drs. Baldwin, Cournand, and Richards defined chronic pulmonary
insufficiency by the presence of respiratory symptoms, radiologic evidence of pulmonary …

States of airflow obstruction are common disorders which span the spectrum from asthmatic–
chronic bronchitis to emphysema. Asthmatic and chronic bronchitic states are at least …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by the gradual progression of
irreversible airflow obstruction and increased inflammation in the airways and lung …

The clinical features and distinguishing characteristics of the less common causes of chronic
airflow obstruction have been reviewed. Clearly, the majority of patients have cigarette …

The demonstration of airflow obstruction on spirometry is essential and necessary for the
diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Considerable controversy …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disorder that
occurs in 10% to 15% of people who smoke, an estimated 16 million Americans. Asthma is …

PREVIEW In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a thorough
understanding on the clinician's part of the pathophysiologic basis of airflow limitation …

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)–an inflammatory disease of
the airways, alveoli and lung microvasculature–is a leading cause of death worldwide …

PREVIEW Evaluation and diagnosis of obstructive lung disease call for careful history taking
to distinguish asthma from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A history of atopy …

© Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11 (11): E210-E213|
http://dx. doi. org/10.21037/jtd. 2019.10. 50 trajectory (Figure 1)(14). These individuals have …