The aim of this study was to compare the effects of caudal epidural bupivacaine alone (BP),
bupivacaine plus morphine (BPMP), and bupivacaine plus ketamine (BPKE) for perineal …

Bupivacaine is available as a racemic mixture of its enantiomers, d‐bupivacaine and l‐
bupivacaine (LB). The aim of this randomized, double‐blind study was to investigate the …

Reasons for performing study Short duration of analgesia is among the limitations of a single
epidural injection with lidocaine in horses. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and …

Epidural administration of bupivacaine and meperidine produces analgesia in several
animal species and in humans. A prospective randomized study was conducted in 18 …

Ketamine (Gomez de segura et al. 1998) and xylazine (LeBlanc et al. 1998; Skarda & Muir
1996) have been administered separately, by epidural injection to produce analgesia. This …

This study aimed at comparing lidocaine 2% plain with lidocaine 5% with glucose 7.5% for
caudal epidural analgesia in horses. Eighteen clinically healthy mixed breed horses were …

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effects of caudal epidural
administration of meperidine (MP), lidocaine (LD), and a combination of the two (MPLD) in …

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the analgesic and tissue effects of liposomal bupivacaine
administered SC as an abaxial sesamoid nerve block in horses with experimentally induced …

Background Local anaesthetics are being combined clinically with amikacin in intravenous
regional limb perfusion (IVRLP), with limited knowledge on the analgesia provided and its …

Caudal epidural analgesia was achieved in 6 adult horses on 3 successive occasions at
weekly intervals by injection of lidocaine, xylazine, and a combination of lidocaine/xylazine …