Noradrenaline released from the locus coeruleus (LC) is a ubiquitous neuromodulator,,–that
has been linked to multiple functions including arousal,,–, action and sensory gain,–, and …

Deciphering how neural circuits are anatomically organized with regard to input and output
is instrumental in understanding how the brain processes information. For example, locus …

Noradrenaline modulates global brain states and diverse behaviors through what is
traditionally believed to be a homogeneous cell population in the brainstem locus coeruleus …

Arousal responses linked to locus coeruleus noradrenergic (LC-NA) activity affect cognition.
However, the mechanisms that control modes of LC-NA activity remain unknown. Here, we …

The brain has persistent internal states that can modulate every aspect of an animal's mental
experience,,–. In complex tasks such as foraging, the internal state is dynamic …

The locus coeruleus (LC), a small brainstem nucleus, is the primary source of the
neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) in the brain. The LC receives input from widespread …

Predictions about future rewarding events have a powerful influence on behaviour. The
phasic spike activity of dopamine-containing neurons, and corresponding dopamine …

Spontaneous animal behaviour is built from action modules that are concatenated by the
brain into sequences,. However, the neural mechanisms that guide the composition of …

Theories of instrumental learning are centred on understanding how success and failure are
used to improve future decisions. These theories highlight a central role for reward …

Neural activity in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus correlates with periods of wakefulness
and arousal. However, it is unclear whether tonic or phasic activity in these neurons is …