Aims Chronic migraine (CM) is a common neurological disorder with complex pathogenesis.
Evidence suggests that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) induces …

Background Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a multipotent
neuropeptide widely distributed in the trigeminovascular system (TVS) and higher brain …

Background Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonizing drugs represents the
most important advance in migraine therapy for decades. However, these new drugs are …

Migraine is the seventh most disabling disorder globally, with prevalence of 11.7%
worldwide. One of the prevailing mechanisms is the activation of the trigeminovascular …

Background Migraine is a neurovascular primary headache disorder, which causes
significant socioeconomic problems worldwide. The pathomechanism of disease is …

The origin of migraine pain has not yet been clarified, but accumulating data point to
neuropeptides present in the perivascular space of cranial vessels as important mediators of …

The neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-
activating polypeptide (PACAP) have emerged as mediators of migraine pathogenesis. Both …

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-antagonizing drugs represent a major advance in
migraine treatment. However, up to 50% of patients do not benefit from monoclonal …

Background Several neurotransmitters are expressed in the neurons of the trigeminal
ganglion. One such signalling molecule is the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide …

Objective To investigate if PACAP and VIP have an effect on CGRP release or NOS activity
in the trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis and if there can be a difference in …