Breast and gynecologic cancers are significant global threats to women's health and those
living with the disease require lifelong physical, financial, and social support from their …

Active cancer immunotherapy is an exciting and developing field in oncology research.
Peptide vaccines, the use of isolated immunogenic tumor-associated antigen (TAA) epitopes …

Peptide vaccine are a type of immunotherapy that are synthesized according to the amino
acid sequence of known or predicted tumor antigen epitopes. They are safe and well …

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women from 20 to 59 years old. The
conventional treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and …

Highlights•Peptide cancer vaccines are safe, but have low therapeutic effect.•New epitopes
are being discovered through genomics, peptidomics, and bioinformatics.•High throughput …

Recent progress in fundamental understanding of tumor immunology has opened a new
avenue of cancer vaccines. Currently, the development of new cancer vaccines is a global …

The peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccines have attracted enormous attention in recent
years as one of the effective treatments of tumour immunotherapy. Most of peptide‐based …

The field of peptide based cancer vaccines has evolved tremendously in the last decade of
this century. The exploration on how to apply the peptide knowledge for vaccination …

Peptide vaccines incorporate one or more short or long amino acid sequences as tumor
antigens, combined with a vaccine adjuvant. Thus, they fall broadly into the category of …

Much recent progress has been made in the identification of new tumor antigens and their
epitopes that may serve as potential cancer vaccines. Many of these have been studied as …