Background Numerous neuromodulatory therapies are currently under investigation or in
clinical use for the treatment of psychiatric conditions. Objective/hypothesis We sought to …

Clinical neuromodulation began in psychiatry with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), but in
recent years several new techniques have been developed: repetitive transcranial magnetic …

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS),
and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), is a potentially effective treatment strategy …

Background The past few decades have seen the emergence both of new neuromodulation
treatment protocols and novel applications of standard neuromodulation interventions in …

For many decades, psychiatric treatment has been primarily guided by two major paradigms
of psychopathology: a neurochemical paradigm leading to the development of medications …

Despite increasing prevalence and huge personal and societal burden, psychiatric diseases
still lack treatments which can control symptoms for a large fraction of patients. Increasing …

Psychiatrists have been proceduralists dating back almost 100 years, nearly to psychiatry's
inception as a medical specialty. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was developed as a …

Three new brain stimulation therapies have emerged in the last decade for clinical use in
psychiatric disorders. Combined with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), these therapies offer …

Current first-line treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) include pharmacotherapy
and cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, one-third of depressed patients do not achieve …

Over the past two decades noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have emerged
as powerful therapeutic options for a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. NIBS …