Background: Nitrate is a widespread groundwater contaminant and a leading cause of
drinking water quality violations in California. Associations between nitrate exposure and …

Background Nitrate is a common water contaminant that has been associated with birth
defects, although the evidence is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine whether …

Background: Previous studies of prenatal exposure to drinking-water nitrate and birth
defects in offspring have not accounted for water consumption patterns or potential …

Background: High levels of nitrate (NO 3−) in drinking water cause methemoglobinemia in
infants; however, few studies have examined the potential effects of low-level exposure on …

In this review we present an update on maternal exposure to nitrates in drinking water in
relation to possible adverse reproductive and developmental effects, and also discuss …

Background A few studies have reported an increased risk of birth defects (BD) with
maternal exposure to nitrate in drinking water. We examined this association in a large …

Exposure to low levels of nitrate in drinking water may have adverse reproductive effects.
We reviewed evidence about the association between nitrate in drinking water and adverse …

The relation between maternal exposure to nitrates in drinking water and risk of delivering
an infant with a central nervous system (CNS) malformation was examined by means of a …

Background Private water systems are more likely to have nitrate levels above the maximum
contaminant level (MCL). Pregnant women are considered vulnerable to the effects of …

Nitrate contamination of drinking water, common in agricultural areas, increases the risk of
certain cancers and impacts fetal development during pregnancy. Building on previously …