Over the last decade, both early diagnosis and targeted therapy have improved the survival
rates of many cancer patients. Most recently, immunotherapy has revolutionized the …

With the rapid clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the standard of
care in cancer management has evolved rapidly. However, immunotherapy is not currently …

Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) constitute a paradigm shift in cancer
therapy, and it has greatly expanded our knowledge of anticancer immunity and has …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is a powerful option for cancer treatment.
Despite demonstrable progress, most patients fail to respond or achieve durable responses …

Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in cancer development. Cancer cells interact with
adjacent cellular components (pro-inflammatory cells, intrinsic immune cells, stromal cells …

The success of checkpoint inhibitors has accelerated the clinical implementation of a vast
mosaic of single agents and combination immunotherapies. However, the lack of clinical …

Immune checkpoint blockage has been considered a breakthrough in cancer treatment,
achieving encouraging anti-tumor effects in some advanced solid malignancies. However …

Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade
therapy have dramatically changed the therapeutic strategy against advanced malignancies …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to play a critical role in tumor
development from initiation to metastasis. EMT could be regarded as a continuum, with …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, dynamic battlefield for both immune cells
and tumor cells. The advent of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) since 2011, such as …