In hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the interplay between the virus and the host immune
system is crucial in determining the pathogenesis of the disease. Patients who fail to mount …

There is urgent need for novel immunotherapeutic strategies which, combined with current
anti-viral therapy, may facilitate viral control and remove the need for long-term suppressive …

The function of T cells is tightly controlled by positive and negative regulations to ensure
both successful pathogen elimination and limitation of immune‐mediated pathology. One of …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease
management. This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV …

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major global public problem because at least 262 million
people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). 1 There is therefore an …

Effective and long-term treatment is required for controlling chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
infection. Natural killer (NK) cells are antiviral innate lymphocytes and represent an essential …

A great effort of research has been devoted in the last few years to developing new anti-HBV
therapies of finite duration that also provide effective sustained control of virus replication …

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects hepatocytes, which are the main cell type composing a
human liver. However, the liver is enriched with immune cells, particularly innate cells (eg …

Hepatitis B e-antigen negative (e (−)) chronic HBV infection (CHI) encompasses a
heterogeneous clinical spectrum ranging from inactive carrier (IC) state to e (−) chronic …

Immune modulatory therapies are widely believed to represent potential therapeutic
strategies for chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB). Among the cellular targets for immune …