Heavy metal toxicity is one of the major concerns for agriculture and health. Accumulation of
toxic heavy metals at high concentrations in edible parts of crop plants is the primary cause …

A relatively small group of hyperaccumulator plants is capable of sequestering heavy metals
in their shoot tissues at high concentrations. In recent years, major scientific progress has …

Plants need many different metal elements for growth, development and reproduction, which
must be mobilized from the soil matrix and absorbed by the roots as metal ions. Once taken …

Most of the heavy metals (HMs), and metals/metalloids are released into the nature either by
natural phenomenon or anthropogenic activities. Being sessile organisms, plants are …

Plants take up metals, including the essential micronutrients [iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc
(Zn), and manganese (Mn)] and the toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd), from soil and …

Heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+ and Co2+ are essential
micronutrients for plant metabolism but when present in excess, these, and non-essential …

Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) are essential micronutrient mineral
elements for living organisms, as they regulate essential cellular processes, such as …

The maintenance of ion homeostasis in plant cells is a fundamental physiological
requirement for sustainable plant growth, development and production. Plants exposed to …

Plant growth and metabolisms are regulated by some heavy metals found in Earth's crust
because they are active constituents of various enzymes. However, their increased …

Among abiotic stress, the toxicity of metals impacts negatively on plants' growth and
productivity. This toxicity promotes various perturbations in plants at different levels. To …