Radiotherapy is one of the most common treatment modalities for controlling a wide range of
tumors. However, it has been shown that radiotherapy alone is unable to completely …

Radiotherapy (RT), besides cancer cells, also affects the tumor microenvironment (TME):
tumor blood vessels and cells of the immune system. It damages endothelial cells and …

Radiotherapy is a common modality for more than half of cancer patients. Classically,
radiation is known as a strategy to kill cancer cells via direct interaction with DNA or …

As one of the four major means of cancer treatment including surgery, radiotherapy (RT),
chemotherapy, immunotherapy, RT can be applied to various cancers as both a radical …

The development of immunotherapy, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), has
revolutionized cancer treatment in the past decades. However, its efficacy is still limited to …

Radiation therapy has been used for many years to treat tumors based on its DNA-damage-
mediated ability to kill cells. More recently, RT has been shown to exert beneficial …

Simple Summary Efficient antitumoral immune response is conditioned by a regulated cell
death called immunogenic cell death. Many immunologic cell death inducers are currently …

Radiotherapy (RT) utilizes the DNA-damaging properties of ionizing radiation to control
tumor growth and ultimately kill tumor cells. By modifying the tumor cell phenotype and the …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4),
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have …

To date, several kinds of immunomodulating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been
applied in clinical trials, such as anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) mAb …