The immune system is considered a functional trait in life-history theory and its modulation is
predicted to be costly and highly dependent on the host's nutrition. Therefore, the nutritional …

Bottom‐up (plant) and top‐down (natural enemy) trophic factors can interact to have
significant influence on the diet breadth of herbivores. For herbivorous insects that are victim …

A rapidly advancing area of ecological immunology concerns the effects of diet on animals'
immunological responses to parasites and pathogens. Here, we focus on diet-mediated …

Life‐history theory predicts that immune responses have evolved in the context of costs and
benefits. However, our understanding of the costs of mounting an immune response is …

Insects are a powerful tool for discovering and then dissecting interesting new immunology.
Recent insect research has made productive forays into non-classical immune areas …

Ecological immunology examines the adaptive responses of animals to pathogens in
relation to other environmental factors and explores the consequences of trade-offs between …

Organisms in the wild are likely to face multiple immune challenges as well as additional
ecological stressors, yet their interactive effects on immune function are poorly understood …

Insects are attacked by the same classes of pathogens that attack other animals (eg, viruses,
bacteria, fungi, and parasites)(Fuxa and Tanada, 1987). Pathogens are a major cause of …

Dwindling resources might be expected to induce a gradual decline in immune function.
However, food limitation has complex and seemingly paradoxical effects on the immune …

Advances in ecological immunity have illustrated that, like vertebrates, insects exhibit
adaptive immunity, including induced changes in feeding behavior that aid the immune …