Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health issue that generates substantial
personal, familial, and economic burdens. Still, there are no FDA-approved …

Discontinuation of drug intake in cocaine abusers commonly produces a variety of adverse
withdrawal symptoms among which anxiety and depression-related behavior are prevailing …

The initial termination of cocaine consumption in human addicts is associated with
heightened anxiety states and low levels of craving. Craving, however, tends to increase …

Rationale Although high anxiety is commonly associated with drug addiction, its causal role
in this disorder is unclear. Objectives In light of strong evidence for dissociable neural …

BACKGROUND: Cocaine is a widely abused psychostimulant that has both rewarding and
aversive properties. While the mechanisms underlying cocaine's rewarding effects have …

Studies using either continuous or intermittent access cocaine self-administration
procedures showed that cocaine seeking increases during abstinence (incubation of …

Cocaine has been shown to produce both initial rewarding and delayed anxiogenic effects.
Although the neurobiology of cocaine's rewarding effects has been well studied, the …

High anxiety levels and heightened stress are important factors for cocaine maintenance,
reinforcing, and relapse. Chronic cocaine is known to result in a high prevalence of anxiety …

Negative reinforcement models postulate that addicts use drugs to alleviate negative
affective states (eg dysphoria) associated with withdrawal. In a pre‐clinical model, rats …

Anxiety is a key symptom of the cocaine withdrawal syndrome in human addicts, and it is
considered to be one of the major factors in precipitating relapse to chronic cocaine abuse …