Periodontal disease is the most frequent cause of tooth loss in humans and is the most
prevalent disease associated with bone loss, including osteoporosis. Periodontal …

Periodontal disease is a significant cause of tooth loss in humans and is one of the most
prevalent diseases associated with bone loss. Following bacterial colonization, the gingiva …

Background, aims: Periodontal disease is a significant cause of tooth loss among adults and
is characterized by the alteration and permanent destruction of the deeper periodontal …

Interleukin (IL)‐1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) represent proinflammatory cytokines that
stimulate a number of events which occur during periodontal disease. These include the …

The levels of 3 bone resorptive cytokines, interleukin 1α (IL‐1α), IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis
factor α (TNFα), were assessed in tissues from sites of periodontal disease. As determined …

There is no doubt that plaque bacteria are necessary to initiate disease and drive the
chronic inflammatory response in the periodontal tissues. At the same time, there is strong …

Periodontal disease is a significant cause of tooth loss among adults. It is initiated by
pathogenic bacteria, which trigger an inflammatory response that is effective in preventing …

This review discusses the effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on bone metabolism and the
evidence implicating IL-1 in periodontal disease. IL-1 is a potent cytokine with significant …

Objectives: To assess clinical, radiographic, and biochemical markers as diagnostic
indicators of disease activity by comparing ligature‐induced bone loss in the presence or …

BACKGROUND Cytokines are important regulatory proteins, produced by activated cells,
which act by binding high affinity cell surface receptors. They are involved in almost all …