▪ Abstract Opioid receptors belong to the large superfamily of seven transmembrane-
spanning (7TM) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). As a class, GPCRs are of …

Opioid drugs such as heroin interact directly with opioid receptors whilst other addictive
drugs, including marijuana, alcohol and nicotine indirectly activate endogenous opioid …

No field more eagerly awaits a molecular clarification for G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
dimerization than the opioid receptor field. Extensive evidence of pharmacological and …

Drug addiction is a worldwide societal problem and public health burden, and results from
recreational drug use that develops into a complex brain disorder. The opioid system, one of …

Three major types of opioid receptors, designated μ, δ, and κ, are widely expressed in the
CNS. Development of selective receptor ligands and recent cloning of each receptor have …

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key events in signal transduction since they
affect protein function by regulating their abundance and/or activity. PTMs involve the …

Opioid receptors are important drug targets for pain management, addiction, and mood
disorders. Although substantial research on these important subtypes of G protein-coupled …

Opioid receptors belong to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors characterized by their
seven transmembrane domains. The activation of these receptors by agonists such as …

Drug addiction has great social and economical implications. In order to resolve this
problem, the molecular and cellular basis for drug addiction must be elucidated. For the past …

From the demonstration of the existence of multiple opioid receptors and the isolation of the
endogenous opioid peptides in the brain, it is now clear that the activities of these receptors …