The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an unparalleled pursuit of vaccines to induce specific
adaptive immunity, based on virus-neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses. Although …

The innate immune system is able to build memory-like features in response to certain
infections or vaccines, resulting in enhanced responsiveness upon (re) challenge with the …

Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing infectious diseases. Despite the
success of many vaccines, there is presently little knowledge of the immunological …

Immune memory develops during primary infections to protect from future exposures to the
same pathogen. Vaccines mimic this response and induce immune memory that protects …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated
individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the …

INTRODUCTION Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA
vaccines are highly effective at preventing infection and especially severe disease …

Since the vast majority of species solely rely on innate immunity for host defense, it stands to
reason that a critical evolutionary trait like immunological memory evolved in this primitive …

Many aspects of SARS-CoV-2 have fully conformed with the principles established by
decades of viral immunology research, ultimately leading to the crowning achievement of …

The adaptive branch of the immune system can kill virally infected cells and generate
protective immune memory, which is the basis of vaccination strategies. Both T cell and B …

The new vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are novel in terms of specificity, their wide
dissemination across the global population and the inclusion of newly licensed mRNA …