Background: In clinical practice it is far from uncommon that antihypertensive drugs fail to
meet their expectations. This is mainly due to mechanisms counteracting their …

Hypertension has been associated with several modifications in the function and regulation
of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Although it is unclear whether this dysfunction is …

Hypertension is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. Lowering of blood pressure has been shown to minimize the risk of cardiovascular …

The defined short-term goal of anti-hypertensive therapy is a reduction in blood pressure.
The more distant and important objective is to delay or prevent overt cardiac and vascular …

Successful treatment of hypertension is possible with limited side effects given the
availability of multiple antihypertensive drug classes. This review describes the various …

The treatment of essential hypertension continues to be carried out by drugs, combined with
the adaptation of life style. The development of various types of antihypertensive drugs has …

Reports of beneficial, neutral and adverse impacts of antihypertensive drug classes on
glucose and lipid metabolism can be found in human data. Furthermore, mechanisms for …

Mild-to-moderate essential hypertension is the most common medical problem seen by
physicians in Western populations, and pharmacologic antihypertensive therapy is now …

The complex pattern of circulatory regulation involves adrenergic, serotonergic and
cholinergic receptors and pathways, including neuropeptides such as angiotensin II, as well …

Since an understanding of the pathogenesis of essential hypertension is unlikely to be
imminent, there is little chance that antihypertensive therapy will become curative in the near …