Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) improves outcomes for some patients with advanced or
metastatic cancers. Despite demonstrable progress, many patients do not respond to ICB …

Immune checkpoint blockade has recently emerged as an important therapeutic approach to
the management of malignancies across multiple disease settings. Concomitantly, there has …

The development of immunotherapy in oncology builds upon many years of scientific
investigation into the cellular mechanics underlying interactions between tumor cells and …

To date, several kinds of immunomodulating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been
applied in clinical trials, such as anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) mAb …

Results Seven hundred fifty-eight patients were identified who received 1798 courses of
radiation with median follow-up of 17 months (range 1-71). Sites of RT were primarily to the …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are effective in cancer treatment. A pre-existing immune
response demonstrated by significant pretreatment tumor lymphocytic infiltration is a …

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has received mainstream attention as a result of
striking and durable clinical responses in some patients with metastatic disease and a …

Literature experiences in cancer treatment usually deal with either targeting the tumour cell
or the immune system, which often fail to reach the curative purposes in many solid tumours …

Radiation therapy exerts a tumoricidal local effect as well as both local and systemic
immunomodulation. Immune checkpoint blockade has become a widely used treatment …

The first evidence that radiotherapy enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers
(ICB) was obtained a dozen years ago in a mouse model of metastatic carcinoma refractory …