Breast cancer is immunogenic, and infiltrating immune cells in primary breast tumors convey
important clinical prognostic and predictive information. Furthermore, the immune system is …

The immune system plays a major role in cancer surveillance. Harnessing its power to treat
many cancers is now a reality that has led to cures in hopeless situations where no other …

Recent progress in immunobiology has led the way to successful host immunity
enhancement against breast cancer. In triple-negative breast cancer, the combination of …

Decades of research are now leading to therapeutics that target the molecular mechanisms
of the cancer-specific immune response. These therapeutics include tumor antigen …

Opinion Statement Immunotherapy has become one of the greatest advances in medical
oncology over the last century; however, the optimal application for the treatment of breast …

The immune system is active in breast cancer, playing a dual role in tumor progression and
in immune surveillance. Infiltrating immune cells are both prognostic and predictive of …

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women worldwide. The
heterogeneity of this disease presents a big challenge in its therapeutic management …

There are currently three major approaches to T cell-based cancer immunotherapy, namely,
active vaccination, adoptive cell transfer therapy and immune checkpoint blockade …

Immunotherapy has emerged as the fifth pillar of cancer treatment alongside surgery,
radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the …

Importance There is tremendous interest in using immunotherapy to treat breast cancer, as
evidenced by the more than 290 clinical trials ongoing at the time of this narrative review …