A defining feature of sleep is reduced responsiveness to external stimuli, but the
mechanisms mediating sensory-evoked arousal remain unclear. We hypothesized that …

During sleep, sensory stimuli rarely trigger a behavioral response or conscious perception.
However, it remains unclear whether sleep inhibits specific aspects of sensory processing …

Sleep intensity is regulated by the duration of previous wakefulness, suggesting that waking
results in the progressive accumulation of sleep need. In mammals, sleep intensity is …

The locus coeruleus (LC), which is located in the brain stem, plays an important role in
promoting arousal. However, the neural circuitry underlying this function remains unclear …

To understand what makes sleep vulnerable in disease, it is useful to look at how wake-
promoting mechanisms affect healthy sleep. Wake-promoting neuronal activity is inhibited …

Sleep is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms, and the low-frequency power in the
electroencephalogram (delta power) during non-rapid eye movement sleep reflects …

For decades, numerous seminal studies have built our understanding of the locus coeruleus
(LC), the vertebrate brain's principal noradrenergic system. Containing a numerically small …

Although considered an inactive state for centuries, sleep entails many active processes
occurring at the cellular, circuit and organismal levels. Over the last decade, several key …

Objectives: The basal forebrain cholinergic system is involved in cognitive processes that
require an attentive state, an increased level of arousal, and/or cortical activation associated …

In our daily life, we are exposed to uncontrollable and stressful events that disrupt our sleep.
However, the underlying neural mechanisms deteriorating the quality of non-rapid eye …