Symbiosis with microbes is a ubiquitous phenomenon with a massive impact on all living
organisms, shaping the world around us today. Theoretical and experimental studies show …

Organisms across the tree of life form symbiotic partnerships with microbes for metabolism,
protection and resources. While some hosts evolve extreme dependence on their symbionts …

The microbial symbionts of eukaryotes influence disease resistance in many host-parasite
systems. Symbionts show substantial variation in both genotype and phenotype, but it is …

Our understanding of host influence on microbial evolution has focused on symbiont
specialization and the genomic streamlining that often accompanies it. However, a vast …

Our understanding of prokaryote–eukaryote symbioses as a source of evolutionary
innovation has been rapidly increased by the advent of genomics, which has made possible …

Most eukaryotes harbor a diverse community of parasitic, mutualistic, and commensal
microbial symbionts. Although the diversity of these microbial symbiotic communities has …

Even the simplest microbial-eukaryotic mutualisms are comprised of entire populations of
symbionts at the level of the host individual. Early work suggested that these intrahost …

Microbial symbionts inhabit the soma and surfaces of most multicellular species and
instigate both beneficial and harmful infections. Despite their ubiquity, we are only beginning …

The perpetuation of symbioses through host generations relies on symbiont transmission.
Horizontally transmitted symbionts are taken up from the environment anew by each host …

Microorganisms form symbiotic partnerships with eukaryotes that span all evolutionary
stages, from simple amoebae through to humans. The term symbiosis originates from the …