The increasing commercial demand for L-carnitine has led to a multiplication of efforts to
improve its production with bacteria. The use of different cell environments, such as growing …

Abstract Background L (-)-carnitine production has been widely studied because of its
beneficial properties on various diseases and dysfunctions. Enterobacteria possess a …

The use of a biological procedure for l-carnitine production as an alternative to chemical
methods must be accompanied by an efficient and highly productive reaction system …

The L (-)-carnitine production by biotransformation using the recombinant strain Escherichia
coli pT7-5KE32 has been studied and optimized with crotonobetaine and D (+)-carnitine as …

The aim of this work was to understand the steps controlling the biotransformation of
trimethylammonium compounds into l (-)-carnitine by Escherichia coli. The high-cell density …

Abstract l-(−)-Carnitine is a ubiquitously occurring substance, essential for the transport of
long-chain fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Bacteria are able to …

In this work metabolic engineering strategies for maximizing l‐(–)‐carnitine production by
Escherichia coli based on the Biochemical System Theory (1–3) and the Indirect …

Abstract Different Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and
Proteus mirabilis, are able to convert L (−)-carnitine, via crotonobetaine, into γ-butyrobetaine …

Abstract l (−)‐carnitine was produced from d (+)‐carnitine by resting cells of Escherichia coli
O44 K74. Oxygen did not inhibit either the carnitine transport system or the enzymes …

In a previous paper Cánovas et al.(Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 77: 764–775) presented a
model for L-(−)-carnitine production using Escherichia coli O44 K74, in a cell-recycle …