As in economics, racial discrimination has long been a focus of research in sociology. Yet
the disciplines traditionally have differed in how they approach the topic. While some studies …

Persistent racial inequality in employment, housing, and a wide range of other social
domains has renewed interest in the possible role of discrimination. And yet, unlike in the …

Racial discrimination pervades every aspect of a society in which it is found. It is found
above all in attitudes of both races, but also in social relations, in intermarriage, in residential …

Contemporary scholars view race as a constructed social category, not a biological fact. Yet
most empirical discrimination research treats race no differently than other individual …

We review the empirical literature in economics on discrimination in the labor market and
criminal justice system, focusing primarily on discrimination by race. We then discuss …

This comment argues that discrimination against blacks remains important, especially in
labor markets, but that its extent is modest both by historical standards and in relation to …

Disparities by race, gender, and other protected characteristics have been widely
documented in many important settings—such as employment, housing, criminal justice …

Economists have contributed to the measurement of racial and ethnic discrimination in
consumption and to the identification of its causes, especially in housing markets and car …

We discuss research on discrimination against blacks and other racial minorities in labor
market outcomes, highlighting fundamental challenges faced by empirical work in this area …

Markets, it is sometimes said, are hard on discrimination. An employer who finds himself
refusing to hire qualified blacks and women will, in the long run, lose out to those who are …