Men and women differ in their ability to evaluate options that vary in their rewards and the
risks that are associated with these outcomes. Most studies have shown that women are …

Decision-making is a complex process essential to daily adaptation in many species. Risk is
an inherent aspect of decision-making and it is influenced by gonadal hormones …

Psychiatric diseases characterized by dysregulated risky decision making are differentially
represented in males and females. The factors that govern such sex differences, however …

Since precise forecasting of the future is not possible, most of life's decisions are made with
uncertain outcomes. One important facet of uncertainty that is of particular interest to …

Human decision-making has been frequently studied and sex differences have been
reported. Interestingly, previous results of hormone concentration on decision-making are …

The present study aimed to extend the original focus of the dual-hormone hypothesis on
testosterone and cortisol involvement in risk-taking to other sex hormones: estrogen and …

Despite increasing acknowledgement of hormonal contributions to mood and anxiety
disorders, the underlying mechanisms by which gonadal hormones influence …

Acute stress may escalate risky decision-making in men, while there is no such effect in
women. Although first evidence links these gender-specific effects of stress to stress-induced …

The scientific understanding of fear and anxiety—in both normal and pathological forms—is
presently limited by a predominance of studies that use male animals and Pavlovian fear …

Women and men exhibit differences in behavior when making value-based decisions.
Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain these findings, stressing differences in …