ABSTRACT Introduction The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused
devastating human and economic costs. Vaccination is an important step in controlling the …

Background The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Most approved COVID-19 vaccines generate a neutralizing antibody response that primarily …

Over the years, several distinct pathogenic coronaviruses have emerged, including the
pandemic SARS-CoV-2, which is difficult to curtail despite the availability of licensed …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern
challenge the efficacy of approved vaccines, emphasizing the need for updated spike …

COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by a newly emerged coronavirus (SARS-
CoV-2) that has rapidly progressed into a pandemic. This unprecedent emergency has …

Vaccination of the global population against COVID-19 is a great scientific, logistical, and
moral challenge. Despite the rapid development and authorization of several full-length …

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) is still threatening global health. According to the latest data, the number of …

Breakthrough infections by SARS-CoV-2 variants become the global challenge for
pandemic control. Previously, we developed the protein subunit vaccine ZF2001 based on …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein
mediates viral entry into cells expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The S …

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 has mutated frequently since its first emergence in 2019.
Numerous variants, including the currently emerging Omicron variant, have demonstrated …