Patients with multiple sclerosis acquire disability either through relapse-associated
worsening (RAW) or progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA). This study …

Importance Accumulation of disability in multiple sclerosis may occur as relapse-associated
worsening (RAW) or steady progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), with PIRA …

Importance Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is the main event responsible
for irreversible disability accumulation in relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective To …

Prevention of irreversible disability is currently the most important goal of disease modifying
therapy for multiple sclerosis. The disability outcomes used in most clinical trials rely on …

Disability accrual in multiple sclerosis may occur as relapse-associated worsening or
progression independent of relapse activity. The role of progression independent of relapse …

Incomplete relapse recovery contributes to disability accrual and earlier onset of secondary
progressive multiple sclerosis. We sought to investigate the effect of age on relapse …

Objective: To assess whether the age at which multiple sclerosis (MS) patients reach
Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) milestones changed as long as new drugs for the …

Importance Emerging evidence suggests that progression independent of relapse activity
(PIRA) is a substantial contributor to long-term disability accumulation in relapsing-remitting …

Objective Rates of worsening and evolution to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
(MS) may be substantially lower in actively treated patients compared to natural history …

Importance Availability of new disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and changes of
therapeutic paradigms have led to a general improvement of multiple sclerosis (MS) …