Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and IL-
8, are rapidly induced early in a disease or injury process. They mediate and modulate …

The early cytokines interferon-α (IFN-α), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1,-6
and-8 (IL-1,-6,-8) are produced during the most early stage of an infection. The activities of …

Infection evokes complex changes which are thought to be caused by the production and
release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α), interferons …

We investigated the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in pneumonic pasteurellosis of cattle
because neutrophils are important mediators of tissue injury in this disease and because IL …

The current interpretation of how cytokines regulate immune responses is based largely on
studies conducted in humans and rodents. As summarized here, comparative studies have …

Inflammation is an important manifestation of respiratory disease in domestic animals. The
respiratory system is mucosal in nature and has specific defense mechanisms used to …

Cytokines are proteins secreted by cells that play an important role in the activation and
regulation of other cells and tissues during inflammation and immune responses. Although …

The inflammatory response is a crucial aspect of the tissues' responses to deleterious
inflammogens. This complex response involves leukocytes cells such as macrophages …

Inflammatory cytokines are suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of bovine
pneumonic pasteurellosis (BPP) through neutrophil recruitment, leukocyte activation, and …

Cytokines play a central role in modulation of immunological and physiological processes in
animals under both homeostatic and abnormal conditions. Currently available information …