The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of neonatal injury on adult spinal
plasticity in rats. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental conditions:(a) hind …

Recent findings indicate that neonatal injury results in decreased spinal plasticity in adult
subjects (EE Young, KM Baumbauer, AE Elliot, & RL Joynes, 2007). Previous research has …

Previous research has shown that small injuries early in development can alter adult pain
reactivity and processing of stimuli presented to the side of injury. However, the mechanisms …

Using spinally transected rats, research has shown that neurons within the L4-S2 spinal
cord are sensitive to response-outcome (instrumental) relations. This learning depends on a …

Recent studies indicate a modular organization of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex system.
Each module has a characteristic receptive field, closely matching the withdrawal movement …

Spinally transected rats given leg shock whenever one hindlimb is extended learn to
maintain the leg in a flexed position, which minimizes net shock exposure. Yoked rats, that …

Rats spinally transected at the second thoracic vertebra can learn to maintain their leg in a
flexed position if they receive legshock for extending the limb. These rats display an …

Rats with complete spinal transections are capable of acquiring a simple instrumentally
trained response. If rats receive shock to one hind limb when the limb is extended …

Following spinal transection of the upper thoracic spinal cord, male Sprague–Dawley rats
given legshock whenever a hindlimb is extended learn to maintain the leg in a flexed …

Four experiments are reported that explore whether spinal neurons can support instrumental
learning. During training, one group of spinal rats (master) received legshock whenever one …