Background The three chemical ultraviolet absorbers benzophenone‐3 (BP‐3), octyl‐
methoxycinnamate (OMC) and 3‐(4‐methylbenzylidene) camphor (4‐MBC) are …

Recent in vitro and animal studies have reported estrogen-like activity of chemicals used in
sunscreen preparations. We investigated whether the three sunscreens benzophenone-3 …

Summary Background Benzophenone‐3 (BZ‐3; 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzophenone,
oxybenzone) is commonly used to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation. BZ‐3 penetrates the …

The purpose of the present study was to develop a reverse-phase high-performance liquid
chromatographic (HPLC) assay for quantifying four common sunscreen agents, namely 2 …

Importance The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has provided guidance that
sunscreen active ingredients with systemic absorption greater than 0.5 ng/mL or with safety …

Aims Topical sunscreens are routinely applied to the skin by a large percentage of the
population. This study assessed the extent of absorption of a number of common chemical …

Importance A prior pilot study demonstrated the systemic absorption of 4 sunscreen active
ingredients; additional studies are needed to determine the systemic absorption of …

Background The sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreens is determined after application of
a standard amount. The European Cosmetic Toiletry and Perfumery Association (COLIPA) …

Sunscreen agents are commonly used in cosmetic products to filter out noxious radiation in
sunlight. A convenient high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the …

Topical sunscreen products are widely used for protection of the skin against the harmful
effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Sunscreen agents are incorporated into many …