Human upright posture, as a mechanical system, is characterized by an instability of saddle
type, involving both stable and unstable dynamic modes. The brain stabilizes such system …

In the study of balance and postural control the (Single) Inverted Pendulum model (SIP) has
been taken for a long time as an acceptable paradigm, with the implicit assumption that only …

The inverted pendulum is frequently used as a starting point for discussions of how human
balance is maintained during standing and locomotion. Here we examine three …

The main purpose of this study is to compare two different feedback controllers for the
stabilization of quiet standing in humans, taking into account that the intrinsic ankle stiffness …

During quiet standing, humans tend to sway with a distinctive pattern that has been difficult
to capture with simple engineering models. We have developed a nonlinear optimal control …

This paper reviews different approaches for explaining body sway while quiet standing that
directly address the instability of the human inverted pendulum. We argue that both stiffness …

The paper presents a control model of body sway in quiet standing, which aims at achieving
bounded stability by means of an intermittent control mechanism. Control bursts are …

Postural control may be an ideal physiological motor task for elucidating general questions
about the organization, diversity, flexibility, and variability of biological motor behaviors …

Equilibrium maintenance during standing in humans was investigated with a 3-joint (ankle,
knee and hip) sagittal model of body movement. The experimental paradigm consisted of …

Ground reaction force during human quiet stance is modulated synchronously with the
cardiac cycle through hemodynamics [1]. This almost periodic hemodynamic force induces a …