Sex-related influences on pain and analgesia have become a topic of tremendous scientific
and clinical interest, especially in the last 10 to 15 years. Members of our research group …

Renowned pain specialists examine the most recent and salient findings involving the
relationship of sex, gender, and pain. Their perspectives include basic neuroscience, human …

Pain remains one of the most common and costly health conditions in the developed world,
and sex and gender differences in the experience of pain are well-documented …

It is a clinical reality that women make up the large majority of chronic pain patients, and
there is now consensus from laboratory experiments that when differences are seen, women …

Traditionally, biomedical research in the field of pain has been conducted with male animals
and subjects. Over the past 20–30 yr, it has been increasingly recognized that this narrow …

Sex-related differences in the experience of both clinical and experimentally induced pain
have been widely reported. Specifically, females are at greater risk for developing several …

Objective. This review highlights research on sex-based differences in pain perception and
treatment. We sought to illuminate the complex factors contributing to differences in pain and …

BACKGROUND:: A number of studies have demonstrated a higher prevalence of chronic
pain states and greater pain sensitivity among women compared with men. Pain sensitivity …

There is much evidence to suggest that gender is an important factor in the modulation of
pain. Literature data strongly suggest that men and women differ in their responses to pain …

A clear majority of patients with chronic pain are women; however, it has been surprisingly
difficult to determine whether this sex bias corresponds to actual sex differences in pain …