Origin of hydroxylated brominated diphenyl ethers: natural compounds or man-made flame retardants?

Y Wan, S Wiseman, H Chang, X Zhang… - … science & technology, 2009 - ACS Publications
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used as flame retardants. The
structurally related hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs) and methoxylated PBDEs (MeO …

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their hydroxylated/methoxylated analogs: environmental sources, metabolic relationships, and relative toxicities

SB Wiseman, Y Wan, H Chang, X Zhang… - Marine pollution …, 2011 - Elsevier
Brominated compounds are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. The polybrominated
diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants are anthropogenic compounds of concern. Studies …

Polybrominated biphenyls and diphenylethers

J de Boer, K de Boer, JP Boon - Volume 3 Anthropogenic Compounds Part …, 2000 - Springer
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), also called
brominated diphenyl oxides, are produced and used as flame retardants. There are …

State of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in China: an overview

J Ma, X Qiu, J Zhang, X Duan, T Zhu - Chemosphere, 2012 - Elsevier
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), extensively used as flame retardants, are
ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are found in both abiotic and biotic …

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers fate in China: a review with an emphasis on environmental contamination levels, human exposure and regulation

Y Chen, J Li, L Liu, N Zhao - Journal of environmental management, 2012 - Elsevier
Because of their highly effective flame-retardant capability, polybrominated diphenyl ethers
(PBDEs) have been extensively used as flame retardants in consumer goods. However …

Polybrominated diphenyl ether in the East Asian environment: a critical review

Y Wang, G Jiang, PKS Lam, A Li - Environment international, 2007 - Elsevier
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been extensively used as flame retardants in
consumer goods. Sufficient evidence shows that PBDEs have been rapidly accumulating in …

Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the US marine environment: a review

GT Yogui, JL Sericano - Environment international, 2009 - Elsevier
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in polymeric
materials such as furnishing foam, rigid plastics and textiles. The US has historically led the …

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and in people: a meta-analysis of concentrations

RA Hites - Environmental science & technology, 2004 - ACS Publications
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in many types of
consumer products. Perhaps as a result of their widespread use and their lipophilicity, these …

Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the North American environment

RC Hale, M Alaee, JB Manchester-Neesvig… - Environment …, 2003 - Elsevier
North America consumes over half of the world's production of polybrominated diphenyl
ether (PBDE) flame retardants. About 98% of global demand for the Penta-BDE mixture, the …

An overview of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the marine environment

HJ Lee, GB Kim - Ocean Science Journal, 2015 - Springer
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are used extensively as brominated flame
retardants, are found ubiquitously in marine environments worldwide. In this paper, we …